Application of Energy Saving Technology in Oil and Gas Energy Utilization

According to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) released in the International Energy Outlook of 011, by the end of 2035, oil and gas energy will still account for 38% of the world's energy, and world energy use will increase by 1.73 times that of 2012. Although renewable energy is expected to grow fastest among primary energy sources in the next 25 years, oil and gas energy will still dominate the total energy resources. 1. Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education Fund Project'' Ordinary University Postgraduate Research Innovation Plan (CXZZ12073) " Changzhou Science and Technology Bureau International Cooperation Project "Key Technologies for Online Monitoring of Gas Pipeline Leakage With the development of China's economy, the consumption of oil and natural gas continues to increase, and the impact on the environment is becoming increasingly serious. In the context of sustainable development, China actively promotes the concept of using energy-saving and environmental protection. 24. At the same time, the development of the country is inseparable from energy consumption. At present, the main energy sources used in many large and medium-sized cities in China are oil and natural gas, which are used during energy use. There are phenomena such as low utilization rate and serious energy waste, which pose serious threats to resources and the environment. If oil and gas leak during long-distance pipeline transmission, the leaked oil is discharged into the atmosphere.

So far, 50% of foreign oil companies have introduced environmental protection measures. However, in China, more than 90% of refineries, large and medium-sized gas stations, and most oil and gas recovery units have oil and gas recovery principles. Fig. Depot vehicles, oil storage facilities, and other storage and transportation facilities do not install oil and gas recovery devices, and a large number of oil and gas Being discharged into the air, volatile gases can not only be used effectively but also cause environmental damage and waste of energy. M. Not only that, due to the existence of man-made destruction, mechanical damage, and long-term disrepair of oil and gas pipelines, oil and gas pipelines Leakage accidents occur from time to time, and most of the leaked oil and gas are diffused into the atmosphere. This not only causes environmental pollution, increases carbon emissions, but also threatens people's health.

Therefore, the task of completing the energy-saving and emission-reduction of oil and gas energy in the process of utilization must be innovative in technology and management, and step into the ranks of energy conservation and consumption reduction countries as soon as possible. How to ensure the safe and effective sustainable use of China's oil and gas resources in the future based on the lowest environmental cost and minimum carbon emissions has become a major research topic faced by China in the course of economic development. In order to achieve the emission reduction targets, oil and gas recovery and leakage detection technologies are mainly used in China's oil and gas energy utilization.

1 Application of oil and gas recovery technology in energy conservation Since the exploitation of oil and natural gas from underground mining, it has been refined and sold to end-users, and losses have run through the entire process of the upper, middle, and lower reaches. During the entire process of oil and gas production from the exploitation of crude oil to the use of petroleum products, there are different degrees of oil loss. According to the world's common promotion of "saving resources, defend the slogan of the earth." In the context of the strategy of sustainable development, in order to reduce the relative use of energy, improve the efficiency of energy use, and reduce unnecessary energy losses, China has worked out specific measures for energy saving and emission reduction in the use of oil and gas energy. The use efficiency of oil and gas is improved in terms of improving the utilization efficiency, reducing man-made losses, and improving the efficiency of oil and gas recovery. Mainly from oil and gas separation and recovery technology, absorption method recovery technology, adsorption method recovery technology, membrane separation method and other aspects to introduce: separation and recovery technology oil and gas in the storage, send and receive, sales and other processes, the concentration of vapor emitted as a primary pollutant Not only does it directly harm the environment, it also wastes energy, increases carbon emissions, and causes serious economic losses, which reduces the quality of oil products and affects the normal use of oil products. Therefore, there is an urgent need to use oil and gas recovery devices in all aspects of the oil and gas use process. 08. In general, the oil and gas inlet temperature of the oil and gas recovery device (ie, the equipment operating temperature) is 4-28C, and the oil and gas quality recovery rate should not be less than 90%. The volumetric yield of the inlet is 0% to 40% with an average of 25%. The efficiency of the oil and gas recovery unit mainly depends on the concentration and composition of the oil and gas handled, and the typical oil and gas recovery efficiency can be as high as 95%. 08. Principles of oil and gas recovery and treatment As shown.

This principle has the characteristics of simple process, low input equipment cost and strong practicality, and is suitable for oil and gas recovery of large and medium-sized oil depots.

Absorption Recovery Technology Absorption separation is an important separation method for mixtures. The mixed hydrocarbon is contacted with a suitable liquid, and one or more components of the mixed hydrocarbon are dissolved in the liquid to form a solution, and the insoluble component is retained in the gas phase, so that the components of the original mixed hydrocarbon are separated.

The oil and gas recovery industrial test facility successfully used by a company of Sinopec Corp. is mainly to recover the oil and gas volatilized on the railway by using absorption method. The process flow is as shown.

9-1 recovery tower; 10, 11-1 petrol pump; 12-tank absorption process process absorption principle of the absorption process: the mixed gas of the air and the volatilized oil and gas during the closed loading of the tank truck 2 enters the absorption tower 3 after collecting the gas collecting pipe. The main part of the oil and gas is absorbed by the absorbent sprayed from the top of the tower, and the exhaust gas containing a small amount of oil and gas is discharged from the top of the tower to the atmosphere. The oil-absorbing rich absorbent will enter the vacuum desorption tank 5 for desorption, and the regenerated lean absorbent is pumped to the top of the tower for recycling. The oil and gas in the desorption tank 5 is sent to the oil and gas recovery tower 9 by the vacuum pump 7 and is absorbed by the lean oil and gas sprayed on the top of the tower. A small amount of unrecovered oil and gas is re-introduced into the solvent absorption tower to be recycled and absorbed. The oil-gas rich hydrocarbons are directly loaded by the pump 10 from the bottom of the tower.

The advantages of this set of recycling equipment are high oil and gas recovery efficiency and equipment reliability. The disadvantages are complicated technology and inconvenient equipment maintenance. The equipment is suitable for large-scale refineries, oil fields, oil depots and other transportation sites that are convenient for railway loading and unloading operations. Using this new type of oil and gas recovery unit for oil and gas loading and unloading operations, the equipment can recover more than 90% of oil and gas, reduce oil and gas spillage, and make the atmospheric purification rate in the surrounding environment of oil and gas outlets more than 95%. It is very good for environmental engineering to improve loading and unloading operation environment and save energy. protect environment.

1.3 Activated Carbon Adsorption Process The recovery of gas stations and oil depots is relatively special because of the special recovery of oil and gas emissions. The first, oil and gas canned discharges have large randomness, and the range of concentration changes in winter and summer is large. Secondly, the requirements for safety and environmental protection are high. Therefore, the activated carbon adsorption method is more common in this place. The activated carbon adsorption process is as shown.

Gasoline Tank Activated Carbon Adsorption Process Oil and gas recovery unit process Fig.3 Theflowchartofgasandoil This new oil and gas recovery unit was used in the oil depot of an oil company in Beijing. After using the oil and gas recovery device, the concentration of oil and gas around the oil distribution platform of the oil depot is greatly reduced, the economic benefits are improved, and the working environment is improved. Save oil and gas resources and protect the atmosphere.

1.4 Membrane Separation The principle of membrane separation is to use different components of the mixed gas to push through the membrane under different pressures to achieve different separations. For membranes of different materials, the gas diffusion through the membrane is different, and the separation mechanism is different. At present, most of the separation membranes using mature technologies are solid membranes.

In summary, under the background of energy saving and consumption reduction, PetroChina, Sinopec, and CNOOC are actively researching the future market demand for oil and gas recovery devices with high oil and gas recovery, strong stability, and high technology content.

2 Application of Leak Detection Technology in Energy Saving Due to the inevitable aging, corrosion and man-made damage of oil and gas pipelines, pipeline leakage occurs frequently, resulting in serious economic and environmental pollution, and in the context of sustainable development. The state has actively proposed an energy saving and low carbon environmental protection operation model. Pipeline leak detection technology has great significance for energy conservation and emission reduction.

At present, in-line detection of oil and gas pipeline leakage is often used as an indirect method. Indirect detection method refers to the detection of various parameters such as pipeline flow, pressure, and acoustic photo-electric signal caused by pipeline leakage. 2. It is mainly divided into leak detection cable method 3, pressure point analysis (PPA) detection method M, and negative pressure wave method. Wait.

2.1 leak detection cable method City gas leak detection is to have strong permeability, oil-soluble special cables along the gas pipeline laying in parallel, once the gas pipeline leaks, leaking gas will infiltrate into the cable, resulting in a weak property of the cable change. Detection of leaks in urban gas networks was accomplished by detecting changes in cable transmissions. This detection method has high positioning sensitivity and positioning accuracy, but it has a high cost, and the leakage of the cable covering a lot of leaks must be replaced by E748. The other method of leak detection cable is based on the property that the material can penetrate oil but not water. The shaft cable is laid in parallel along the pipeline, and the pulse signal is transmitted from the cable end. When the signal encounters the oil impregnated cable, the pulse signal is reflected. By receiving the reflected pulse signal, the system algorithm is used to determine the exact location of the leak point of the oil and gas pipeline. The advantage of this method is that it is not necessary to provide ground leakage detection equipment along the pipeline, and equipped with experienced inspectors can accurately and quickly detect small leaks in the pipeline and determine the location of the leak. The disadvantages of this detection method are high input costs and poor positioning accuracy.

2.2 Pressure Point Analysis (PPA) Test The pressure point analysis method generates a new leak detection method through the principle of pressure waves. Compared with other methods, it has many advantages. 19. The PPA method is used to study the momentum of the oil and gas pipeline before and after the leakage. The energy balance is based on the characteristics presented. The pressure point analysis method usually installs a pressure sensor at a certain position on the main line or station. When a leak occurs, the pressure waveform produced by the leak point propagates toward the detection point, causing the flow or pressure at this point to change. After comparing the value of the detection point with Normal conditions data can be found leaking. According to the pressure wave arrival detection point time and the pressure wave propagation speed to determine the location of the leak 20. Because the PPA analysis method is inevitable with the physical characteristics of leakage, so the PPA method has good practicality.

2.3 Negative Pressure Wave Leak Detection Technology Negative pressure wave leakage detection technology is a practical leak detection technology that is currently being developed in various countries. 121. This technology relies on the detection of negative pressure waves. When a leak occurs somewhere in the pipeline, there will be material loss at the leak point and the local density of the leak will decrease to reduce the pressure value. Because the fluid in the oil and gas pipeline cannot instantaneously change its flow velocity, a pressure difference will occur between the leak point and the fluid at either end. The differential pressure value causes the flow to flow from the top down to the low pressure region near the leak. This fluid will occupy the area where pressure and density decrease due to leakage, and new pressure difference will occur between upstream and downstream and in the leakage area of ​​the attachment. At the same time, the new pressure differential created causes the fluid to flow to the leak. The result of such a leak is to propagate the low pressure wave away from the leak point up and down in the direction of the pipe. This low pressure wave is called “negative pressure wave” b”23. The negative pressure wave method is most widely used in oil and gas pipelines in active service.

To sum up, in the aspect of oil and gas energy utilization, the extensive application of oil and gas pipeline leak detection technology will be able to serve China's goals of energy conservation, consumption reduction, and emission reduction.

3 Conclusion The problem of waste and waste in the use of oil and gas energy has long existed.

In recent years, countries around the world have been paying more and more attention to the issue of environmental pollution. China has formulated a sustainable development strategy to conserve environmental resources and conserve oil and gas resources. In view of the problems of volatile oil, evaporation, and leakage, China has taken concrete measures such as the development of new technologies, the use of new equipment, and the introduction of high-tech talent to serve for energy conservation and emission reduction. China is in a golden period of economic development. With large energy consumption, the task of reducing emissions is arduous. There is a contradiction between development and emission reduction. To resolve the contradictions, China is advancing the progress of technology research and development in the use of oil and gas resources. To better save energy, resources and protect the environment, new oil and gas recovery and pipeline leak detection technologies have emerged.

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